From Public Administration, Education and Generic Community: Long Term Services and Supports

Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS)

Competencies

Community Services were designed in the US, by and large, not by but with the academic classes often outside their designated job role or position. Commonly known organizations are the Boys and Girls Clubs, YMCA and YWCA,  the then Association for Retarded Children (now, the Arc), Jewish Community Services, Goodwill Industries or the Salvation Army, and more modernized community clubs and associations, Genesis Group or the Chambers of Commerce (businesses, community).

Long-Term Care (LTC) was the medical and nursing industry term for traditionally a system of hospitals, nursing facilities, facility-based campuses, and later on, home health nursing. These hospitals included psychiatric and the exposed intellectual disability institutions (usually not taken in by the LTC groups), traditional nursing homes (now with community Medicaid funds), and new assisted living facilities, the large residential rehabilitation campuses, and home health/short term rehabilitation within facilities. The University Center on Long Term Care involved with the new Medicaid and Medicare, young government programs themselves, still frames itself as LTC.

Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS), which is still relatively underutilized as a term, often came to be recognized as "non-acute" care in the community (Consortium of Citizens with Disabilities, circa 1995, 2014). The new community services, often with health care financing (e.g., Medicaid home and community-based waivers), developed in the 1970s-1990s on, from supported employment, family support, mental health counseling, positive behavioral supports, residential community services (e.g., group homes, residential treatment), supported housing, personal assistance (to upgrade personal care to user-directed), adult social day care, aging and disability services, new social work population groups, inclusion or respite, and supportive living, among others.

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Academic Literature indicates that the Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS) movements coincide with parent and family movements, the ambulatory care movement from the hospitals themselves, the reform of health care financing in the US, the community care movement in disability, development of self-advocacy, community rehabilitation reform, and deinstitutionalization and the growth of the non-profit (NGO) sectors, among others (e.g., new Affordable Care Act and Medicaid politics; community inclusion).  For more information on national positions on LTSS, see:

Long Term Services and Supports in Public Administration and Disability: Community Service Administration in the US (Racino, 2014) at http://www.crcpress.com/9781466579811 available on pay per view at crcnetbase.com

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